Acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation and damage to the myelin sheath, which is the protective coating around nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord. ADEM typically occurs after a viral infection or vaccination and is characterised by the sudden onset of neurological symptoms such as weakness, paralysis, and loss of coordination.
The main goal of treatment for ADEM is to reduce inflammation and prevent further damage to the myelin sheath. This is usually accomplished through the use of high-dose steroids, such as methylprednisolone or prednisone, which can help reduce inflammation and speed up the recovery process. In severe cases, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or plasmapheresis (a procedure that removes antibodies from the blood) may be used.
The prognosis for individuals with ADEM is generally good, with most people making a full or near-full recovery within a few months. The doctor recommends physical therapy to improve muscle strength and coordination. He may prescribe medications to control any associated symptoms, such as seizures or pain. In some cases, the doctor may also recommend rehabilitation to help the patient regain their previous level of function.
Baby P. Chaithra from Ranga Reddy, underwent treatment for Acute Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis, under the supervision of Dr. Sindhura Munukuntla, Consultant Paediatrician, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad.