Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease caused by an abnormal accumulation of proteins, fats, and other substances in the air sacs of the lungs. This buildup disrupts the normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, making it difficult to breathe. The buildup restricts air flow, causing shortness of breath, especially during exertion. Symptoms may include cough, fatigue, and fever. PAP can be primary (autoimmune) due to an autoimmune disorder, secondary due to underlying conditions like hematological disorders, exposure to environmental toxins, and infections, or hereditary due to mutations in surfactant metabolism genes. Diagnosis involves chest X-rays, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), which flushes fluid through the airways and analyzes for abnormal material.
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) treatment involves removing abnormal lungs’ material through whole-lung lavage, a procedure where the lungs are repeatedly flushed with saline solution to remove proteins, fats, and other substances. This procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia and may need to be repeated periodically depending on the patient’s response. In some cases, medications may be used to address the underlying cause, such as suppressing the immune system in autoimmune PAP and treating the underlying condition in secondary PAP.
Mr. Imran Khan from Uttar Pradesh successfully received treatment for Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis at Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, under the supervision of Dr. Viswesvaran Balasubramanian, Consultant Interventional Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine.
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