Things to know about Rheumatoid arthritis & Osteoarthritis
Arthritis is a group of conditions that affect the joints and their surrounding tissues. Arthritis is frequently accompanied by joint pain (arthralgia) and swelling (inflammation) of the joint.
A joint is the meeting point of two separate bones, this junction is cushioned by a soft structure called the cartilage. Arthritis can affect joints in the wrists, fingers, elbows, knees, toes.
Juvenile arthritis is observed in children of age below 16 years who develop swelling (inflammation) of joints and their surrounding tissues including the synovium. This is an autoimmune disease without any known exact cause. It is related to genetics, environmental factors, and infections.
Children with juvenile arthritis may or may not have symptoms. Some of the commonly noticed symptoms include joint stiffness, pain, swelling, limping, persistent fever, rash, irritability, tiredness and vision problems.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of arthritis that involves the joints of the knees, lower back, small joints of the fingers and hands, hips and the neck. It is a painful condition that occurs because of degeneration of cartilage due to wear-and-tear within these joints. Some of the causes of wear and tear are:
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that results from overactive immune response to the body’s own tissues, in this case, joints. Rheumatoid arthritis can affect the tissues in other organ systems also, such as the heart, lungs, skin and blood vessels.
While Osteoarthritis is associated with wear-and-tear, rheumatoid arthritis causes swelling and bone erosion and joint deformity. Furthermore, the resultant inflammation causes damage to the nearby tissues.
As against osteoarthritis which is usually seen in elderly, rheumatoid arthritis may be seen in children of age 16 or younger. This condition is called as Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
The pain and discomfort may begin at the smaller joints in fingers and toes, and as the disease progresses the symptoms extend to the wrists, ankles, knees, elbows, hips and shoulders. Eventually, when left untreated, the joints may deform and shift out of place.
Based on the form of arthritis, the causes and progress of arthritis vary.
Some common symptoms of osteoarthritis are:
Some common joint-related symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis include:
In Rheumatoid arthritis, along with the symptoms related to joints, the patient may experience the symptoms related to skin, eyes, lungs, heart, kidneys, salivary glands, nerve tissue, bone marrow and blood vessels.
The risk factors for arthritis are –
Age – The risk for degenerative arthritis (osteoarthritis), increases with age.
Genetics and family history – Most types of arthritis are inherited, a strong family history increases the risk.
Gender – Women are more prone to many forms of arthritis, however, gouty arthritis is more common in men.
Body weight – Above normal body weight increases the chances of wear-and-tear of the joints.
Smoking – Smoking increases the risk for and severity of rheumatoid arthritis, particularly when the patient is predisposed genetically.
Occupational factors – Jobs involving repetitive movements increase the risk of osteoarthritis.
Bone deformities – Malformed joints and defective cartilage increase the risk of osteoarthritis.
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease which can be debilitating. An orthopedist may advise joint replacement for severe joint pain and stiffness, such as knee replacement surgery (for knee arthritis) and hip replacement surgery (for hip arthritis).
Other than the progressive deterioration of joints, complications of rheumatoid arthritis are –
Arthritis may be diagnosed with the following tests –
The healthcare team of rheumatologist, orthopedist and surgeon treats arthritis with one or a combination of –
Management of osteoarthritis is aimed at relieving symptoms and assuring the routine functioning of the joints.
The modes of treatment are:
Focusing on what you eat can make a lot of difference. Avoiding or limiting the triggers and taking anti-inflammatory diet can help manage symptoms of arthritis better.
Talk to your dietitian for a diet plan which focuses on
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