What is G6PD Test?

G6PD is an enzyme that affects how your body processes the food you eat. The enzyme deficiency can be detected by carrying out a blood test called the G6PD test. It helps to know which types of food are not good for people who have problems regarding the functioning of this enzyme. The deficiency of this enzyme can lead to different types of complications. It is important for people who are at risk to carry out G6PD tests regularly.

The G6PD test is a simple blood test that measures how well your body processes glucose. G6PD, or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, is an enzyme that plays a role in the ability of red blood cells to receive and process glucose. When glucose, or blood sugar, enters the bloodstream, the G6PD enzyme takes some of that glucose and processes it into a usable energy source for your cells. In healthy people without G6PD deficiency, this process occurs normally.

There are several ways to do the G6PD test, but it usually requires a blood sample. The most common way is by pricking the tip of your finger with a lancet and collecting the droplets of blood in a small, red tube. Most people feel very little pain during this process. There may be some minor stinging sensation for a few seconds after it is done. It is very difficult to test for G6PD deficiency without having a blood sample taken from the body. Most cases of anaemia in babies and adults are due to iron deficiency, rather than deficit production of red blood cells. However, severe forms of G6PD can be diagnosed by testing blood samples for enzymes. The two tests are the G6PD assay and the fluorescent spot test.

Glycogen-6 phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme deficiency is not serious because the red blood cells can hold up under small amounts of oxidative stress. However, it can become dangerous if other severe conditions damage the red blood cells.

G6PD is a gene that provides instructions for making an enzyme. The enzyme breaks down a type of sugar called glucose six-phosphate to make energy. G6PD deficiency occurs when the liver does not produce enough G6PD enzyme, which causes red blood cells to break down their haemoglobin prematurely. This results in hemolytic anaemia. A person with G6PD deficiency is more likely to have a milder form of the disease.

G6PD deficiency is mostly asymptomatic, although it can cause hemolytic anaemia in untreated individuals. The disease may be dangerous when specific drugs or certain conditions trigger the need for increased activity (oxidising agents) of certain enzymes (e.g., exertion, infection, stress, and heat). The hemolysis can be acute or subacute.

People with high G6PD are known as 'G6PD normal'. These people have a milder form of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. This means that they will be anaemic when their blood is deprived of oxygen, but it won't be as severe or life-threatening. People with this disorder may experience mild hemolytic anaemia when they are sick with a respiratory infection, are pregnant, or are taking certain medications.

Haematologists treat G6PD using a variety of methods. Depending on the patient's condition and individual requirements, treatment may be confined to providing extra fluids. In more serious cases, blood transfusions or medications may be required.