Yashoda Hospitals > Diagnostics > Dengue NS1 Test

What is the Dengue NS1 Test?

The dengue NS1 test Stands for Dengue nonstructural protein 1, It is used to diagnose dengue fever early. The test detects the presence of dengue NS1 antigen in the blood. The ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) approach is employed to detect the virus in laboratories.

The protein creates antibodies to attack the illness, triggering an immunological response. The NS1 antigen is detected in their blood when infected with dengue fever. As a result, the test aids in the early diagnosis of dengue fever.

The importance of early diagnosis and therapy for a successful recovery cannot be overstated. It can prevent the condition from becoming deadly if started early. As a result, the NS1 antigen test aids in early identification, prompt treatment, fewer chances of infection, and reduced dengue mortality.

What is the Dengue NS1 Test used for?

NS1 assays identify the dengue virus’s nonstructural protein NS1. During a dengue infection, this protein is released into the bloodstream. NS1 assays for serum have been developed. To detect dengue NS1 protein, most of these techniques employ synthetically labeled antibodies.

Understanding the test results of the Dengue NS1 Test

By interpreting the results, A positive or reactive NS1 test result indicates dengue virus infection but does not reveal the serotype. A negative NS1 test result does not rule out the absence of disease. People who have a negative NS1 test should be tested for dengue IgM antibodies to see if they have recently been exposed to the virus.

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    References

      • Casenghi, M., Kosack, C., Li, R., Bastard, M., & Ford, N. (2018). NS1 antigen detecting assays for diagnosing acute dengue infection in people living in or returning from endemic countries. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2018(5), CD011155. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011155.pub2
      • Sa-Ngamuang, C., Haddawy, P., Luvira, V., Piyaphanee, W., Iamsirithaworn, S., & Lawpoolsri, S. (2018). Accuracy of dengue clinical diagnosis with and without NS1 antigen rapid test: Comparison between human and Bayesian network model decision. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 12(6), e0006573. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006573
      • Pal, S., Dauner, A. L., Mitra, I., Forshey, B. M., Garcia, P., Morrison, A. C., … Wu, S.-J. L. (2014). Evaluation of Dengue NS1 Antigen Rapid Tests and ELISA Kits Using Clinical Samples. PLoS ONE, 9(11), e113411. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113411
      • Trojanek, M.; Maixner, J.; Sojkova, N.; Rohacova, H.; Stejskal, F. (2016). Evaluation of dengue NS1 antigen rapid diagnostic test. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 53(), 161–. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.394

    Frequently Asked Questions

    The NS1 test should be performed on the first day of a fever's onset. It's still relevant after 24 hours, but it's best if you take it right away. Because the quantity of IgG in the blood tends to grow slowly, the test is used to detect infection in the latter stages of the disease. The amount usually rises six to ten days after infection, and antibodies can stay in the blood for up to 90 days or the remainder of your life.

    During the test, the doctor or physician discharges the blood from the vein through the needle. This process may be a bit painful while collecting the blood. After collecting the needed blood, disperse in a heparinized tube or any vials.

    The rate of NS1 detection is inversely related to IgG antibodies, but the rate of IgM detection is directly proportional. The NS1/IgM, the sensitivity, and specificity for identifying acute dengue infection were 88.65 percent and 98.75 percent, respectively. The test is susceptible and specific. The Dengue Antigen NS1, IgG, and IgM tests identify fever, mainly if it occurs after a trip to a tropical or subtropical location.

    The amount of NS1 Ag in acute-phase serum samples ranges from 0.5-2 g/ml to less than 0.04 g/ml in convalescent-phase serum. The necessity of matched sera, which is required in the convalescent phase if the early stages are negative, also complicates prognosis. This NS1 Ag test can diagnose dengue disease in the acute phase of primary and secondary dengue infection.

    In our group, NS1 antigen positivity was linked to a greater chance of suffering severe symptoms in our group, especially when higher after day illness. While more research is needed, the test might be a warning indication of severe dengue.

    A positive NS1 test indicates dengue virus infection but does not reveal the serotype. A negative NS1 test result does not rule out the absence of illness. People who have a negative NS1 test should be tested for dengue IgM antibodies to see if they have recently been exposed to the virus. A positive DENV test indicates that the NS1 antigen is detectable 1 to 2 days after infection and up to 9 days after symptom onset.

    Yes, it can be a false negative. In dengue serotypes 2 and 4, false-negative NS1 tests have been recorded. In secondary dengue, NS1 tests have also been less sensitive. It should also be mentioned that in many tropical countries, the diagnosis of dengue fever is frequently made based on suspicion rather than scientific confirmation. This means that dengue diagnosis might be both false-positive and false-negative.

    Yes, the dengue NS1 test is the most accurate for prediction. Thus, The NS1 antigen fast test has a high level of accuracy, with a sensitivity of 55 percent to 82 percent and a specificity of 97 percent to 100 percent. The NS1 test can be carried out within five days of the beginning of the fever since it is designed to identify dengue NS1 antigen.

    The normal range for the Dengue NS1 ELISA test is typically reported as non-reactive or negative. A non-reactive result indicates the absence of the NS1 antigen in the blood, suggesting no active dengue infection at the time of testing. However, it's essential to interpret the results in the context of the individual's symptoms, medical history, and other diagnostic tests to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.