Yashoda Hospitals > Diagnostics > CPK Test

What is the CPK or CK Test?

A CPK test is a simple blood test that measures the creatine kinase in the blood. CPK full form stands for Creatine Phosphokinase, which is a type of enzyme that is found mostly in your skeletal muscles and heart. A lesser amount of this enzyme is found in the brain. This is an important enzyme required for muscle function and energy production.

The levels of CK can rise after a muscle injury, heart attack or strenuous exercise. So if this test shows high CK levels in your blood, this usually indicates some sort of stress or injury to your heart or other muscles.

What is the CPK Test used for?

  • Used to understand muscle damage or injury (muscular dystrophy)
  • To analyze the chance of heart attack
  • CPK level is tested in sports injury, stroke, and muscle diseases
  • To find out how much the heart muscles are damaged

 A general CK test suggests whether there is damage to your body’s muscles. Going a step further, the CK with isoenzymes test may help to find where exactly the damage has taken place.  

Understanding the test results of CPK (Creatine Phosphokinase) Test

High CPK levels in a blood test may indicate muscle damage, which may occur as a result of an injury to the skeletal muscles, the heart, or the brain. It is important to check the levels of CPK-1 (CPK-BB), CPK-2 (CPK-MB), and CPK-3 (CPK-MM) in the test results to determine the source of the muscle damage.

  • CPK-1 is associated with the brain and lungs. Injury to either of these areas can increase your CPK-1 levels
  • CPK-2 is mostly associated with heart and heart muscles
  • CPK-3 levels are associated with muscle injury or muscle stress. 

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    References

      1. https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/2017-2018/labmethods/BIOPRO-J-MET-CPK-508.pdf
      2. https://www.hopkinslupus.org/lupus-tests/clinical-tests/creatine-phosphokinase-cpk/
      3. urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=167&ContentID=creatine_kinase_isoenzyme_serum

       

       

    Frequently Asked Questions

    CPK normal range for adult males is 55-170 U/L and for adult females, it is 30-135 U/L. CPK normal values can vary depending on the laboratory and the specific method used for measurement. Hence, it is important to consult your doctor for an accurate interpretation of test results.

    our doctor may prescribe a CPK test      

    • If you have symptoms of Heart Attack or Stroke
    • Chest Pain
    • Uncontrolled Muscle Pain, Weakness or Cramps
    • Seizure
    • Difficulty Breathing with Profuse Sweating
    • Loss of Consciousness
    • Dark-Coloured Urine
    • Recent Trauma

    This test usually involves drawing blood from a vein in your arm. During this test, your pathology lab assistant will insert a needle into the skin to access the vein. This needle is usually connected to a syringe or a tube to collect the blood. This process usually takes 5 – 10 minutes.

    • Heart attack
    • Assess the extent of damage to heart or muscle tissue
    • Muscular dystrophy
    • Rhabdomyolysis
    • Myocardial infarction
    • Myositis
    • Brain injury due to stroke or bleeding in the brain
    • Dermatomyositis
    • Cerebrovascular disease
    • Malignant hyperthermia
    • Pulmonary infarction

     These are some of the conditions that CPK detects. If your CPK test is abnormal, you should consult your physician to determine your exact health issue.

    It is recommended to avoid exercise for a minimum of 3-4 days before getting a blood test. While fasting and special preparation are not necessary, certain substances and activities can increase CPK levels, such as steroids, cholesterol-lowering medications, antifungal medications, alcohol, intramuscular injections (such as vaccines), and vigorous exercise. Hence, it is best to consult your doctor for advice.

    Yes, exercise can increase CPK levels. The level of increase in CPK values depends on the intensity and duration of the exercise. During strenuous physical activity, CPK levels may increase 20 to 30 times within 24 hours and then slowly come back to normal over the next five days. If a person is being asked for a CPK test, they should refrain from strenuous exercise for a week.

    A CPK test evaluates muscle tissue damage by measuring the level of the enzyme creatine phosphokinase in the blood. It measures the CPK level and the ratio of different isoenzymes of CPK (CPK-MM, CPK-MB, CPK-BB) to identify the source of muscle damage.

    No, It is very rare for this test to result in serious complications. It is similar to a normal blood test and is a very safe procedure. But there is a minimal possibility of side effects  while the blood is drawn, like

    • developing bruises where the needle was inserted
    • excessive bleeding
    • hematoma 
    • some people faint during the blood test (rarely)

    When CPK levels are high, it indicates injury or stress to muscle tissue, the heart, or the brain, as CPK leaks into the bloodstream when a muscle is damaged. Additionally, the specific form of CPK that is elevated can help determine which tissue has been damaged. High CPK levels cause symptoms such as muscle pain, weakness, cramps, tingling or numbness, balance problems, and dark urine.