What is the Bleeding / Clotting Time Test?

The bleeding time normal range is approximately 2-7 minutes, and the clotting time normal range is 8-15 minutes. Abnormal bleeding test results could indicate platelet-related disorders, such as thrombocytopenia, genetic bleeding disorder, increased risk of haemorrhages, and epistaxis. Abnormal clotting time means clotting-related disorders, such as defects in coagulation pathways, genetic disorders, vitamin K deficiency, etc.

You may need bleeding / clotting time tests if you are experiencing issues with blood clot formation or are prone to easy bruising and bleeding. Clotting disorders can lead to prolonged bleeding, causing a significant loss of blood and further complications. People with thalassemia, platelet disorders, thrombocytopenia, or undergoing surgery also need to undergo these tests.

During the test, small and shallow cuts are made on the lower arm while applying pressure on the upper arm via an arm cuff. After cuts are made, the cuff is removed. and the bleeding /clotting time is noted using a stopwatch. Blood is wiped using blotting paper every 30 seconds.

The following tests can be used to assess the clotting time for bleeding:

• Prothrombin time (PT) test
• Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test
• Platelet count for measuring thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis
• Presence of coagulation factor V
• Fibrinogen level test
• Factor VIII test
• Complete blood count

Before the bleeding test, it is important to inform your doctor about the medications you are taking, especially if you are on aspirin or anticoagulants such as warfarin. You should also notify your doctor if you are taking any vitamins or herbal supplements. It is recommended to discontinue such medications and supplements within a few days in consultation with your doctor.

Usually, it takes around 8-15 minutes for the blood to clot. This clotting time can vary among people. Females take more time for blood clotting due to estrogen levels and reduced fibrinogen levels. Delayed clotting time can occur in various disorders, such as defects in clotting factors, genetic defects, etc.

After the bleeding test, the site of the shallow cuts will heal completely in a few days. Usually, there is negligible risk of any infection or inflammation as the site is sterilized before making the cuts; however, in case of any potential infection, your doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory medications or antibiotics.

Yes, blood tests can be used to identify blood clotting disorders and also detect blood clots. D-dimer is a protein found in the blood associated with clot breakdown and high levels of D-dimer in blood suggest that you might have a big clot in your blood vessels, such as deep vein thrombosis.

Usually, a bleeding time test is a safe test with minimal side effects. The area is sterilized before making the cuts; however, there is a risk of excessive bleeding or infection at the site of the cuts. Some amount of bleeding is normal as it is the requirement for the test.