Infertility is the inability to conceive after a year of consistent and unprotected intercourse. Conception and pregnancy involve several complex processes in both the partners. Any problem in these processes can lead to infertility.
Ideally,
Infertility is a common problem seen globally. Both male fertility and female fertility are a concern. Female factor accounts for one-third and male factor accounts for one-third of infertility cases. The remaining one-third of the infertility concerns are related to both male and female factors together.
Ideally, couples must seek help after consistently trying for a year. However, couples with below conditions should not delay infertility care when they are trying to get pregnant:
It is important to visit a healthcare provider before planning to conceive. Prenatal tests, genetic screenings and counseling ensure that problems are identified early and suitable actions are taken. These sessions not only help in identifying fertility issues but certain chromosomal defects and birth defects also.
Pregnancy is achieved in women when their ovaries, Fallopian tubes and uterus are intact. Conditions affecting these organs can cause fertility problems. While in some women, a combination of factors results in infertility, in others, there is no identifiable cause. Briefly, the causes of female infertility include;
Infertility is often thought of as a concern related to females alone, but one third of infertility cases are related to males. Briefly, causes of male infertility include;
In many cases, difficulty in conceiving may be resolved by a gynecologist. A gynecologist may perform basic infertility evaluation, he/she may refer to an infertility specialist when a problem is noted or suspected.
Diagnosing infertility involves –
A team of expert infertility specialists, andrologists and embryologists together evaluate the possible causes of infertility and plan an individualized course of treatment.
Treatment is decided based on the cause and duration of infertility, couple’s age, and personal preferences guided by risks, benefits and success rates of all the available treatment options.
Different treatments include:
Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) is a group of fertility procedures that help you to get pregnant without the need for sexual intercourse. The process involves handling of egg and embryos in the lab. ART procedures usually involve using egg, sperm or embryo (extracted in-situ or frozen) from the couple, however, sometimes egg, sperm or embryo from donor may be used.
Common ART procedures are:
Vitrification or freezing of egg, sperm and/or embryo (also known as fertility preservation), is a preventive approach to have the fertility preserved before going ahead with certain treatments (such as cancer treatments) or exposure to radiation or toxic elements. It is also done as a part of IVF procedure.
The good news is that certain forms of infertility issues are preventable. A few ways to increase the chances of getting pregnant are:
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