Esophageal cancer, an aggressive type of cancer of the esophagus (the long tube connecting the throat and stomach) is the sixth most common cause of death all over the world. The cancer of the esophagus initially arises in the lining of the esophageal wall and occurs anywhere along the length of the tube.
The incidence and occurrence of this cancer vary geographically. Men are more prone to this cancer than women. Risk factors that may lead to esophageal cancer include obesity, consumption of alcohol, use of tobacco, a low-fiber diet, etc.
At its onset, esophageal cancer remains asymptomatic. However, as it advances, it shows symptoms such as:
The exact cause of esophageal cancer is unknown. However, it may be due to changes in DNA mutations that result in the uncontrolled growth of its cells.
Once a patient is diagnosed with esophageal cancer, the seriousness of the cancer is determined by staging, which helps the healthcare worker in delivering the best treatment. There are five stages in esophageal cancer:
Early detection is the key to the better survival of esophageal cancer patients. The screening includes a biopsy (sample of esophageal cells for any abnormality), imaging tests, and thorough examination. If cancer is detected, further staging tests are done to determine its severity.
The type of treatment depends on the stage of cancer. Surgery can be performed if the cancer has been detected early, i.e., before it has spread to other parts. Chemotherapy (use of chemicals) is employed before or after surgery to reduce cancer cells. Radiotherapy (use of high-energy radiation) is also utilized along with chemotherapy to prevent advanced symptoms.
Yes, esophageal cancer is curable if detected early, but the cure rate is low. Its curability depends on factors like the stage the cancer was detected at and how early it was detected. Stage 4 patients have a low chance of survival. They might have between a few months to one year to live.
The early signs of esophageal cancer include:
For further clarifications, get a free opinion from our experts at Yashoda Hospitals.
Yes, oesophageal cancer can be detected by MRI. This is a very useful technique for detecting esophageal cancer and detecting whether it has spread to other organs of the body (metastases). It is better than a CT scan, as it shows better soft-tissue contrast with a clear image.
Esophageal cancer can be prevented in various ways, including:
Yes, gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) can lead to esophageal cancer. If left untreated, it can turn into a serious condition that can damage the inner lining of the esophagus, which might ultimately lead to esophageal cancer. Patients with GERD for a long time must let the doctor know about it.
Esophageal cancer is not a common type of cancer. Statistics in India have shown 47,000 new cases arise every year, and about 42,000 deaths occur every year. Also, it has been reported that the northeast region of India shows more prevalence of this cancer. Among the two types of esophageal cancer, adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, the former is more common.
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