Dyslipidemia, an abnormality in blood lipid levels, impacts individuals worldwide, posing a significant risk for various health conditions. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately 2 billion people globally have elevated cholesterol or lipid levels. Incidence rates of dyslipidemia vary across nations and populations, influenced by factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, and lifestyle choices including diet and physical activity.
Dyslipidemia is the imbalance of lipids such as triglycerides, high density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and cholesterol. This condition is caused due to fatty diet, exposure to tobacco or inheritance and can result in severe cardiac complications. Generally, in dyslipidemia conditions LDL and triglycerides are too high whereas HDL (good cholesterol) will be low. The “bad” type of cholesterol is referred to as LDL cholesterol. This is due to the fact that it may accumulate and create plaque or clumps in the artery walls. As HDL aids in the removal of LDL from your blood, it is considered the “good” cholesterol. Calories that you ingest but do not immediately burn off are converted into triglycerides.
Dyslipidemia is categorized based on its etiology into two types: inherited and lifestyle-induced. The appropriate treatment approach depends on the type of dyslipidemia you have.
Dyslipidemia signs and symptoms : It’s possible that one may have dyslipidemia without noticing it. Similar to high blood pressure, excessive cholesterol doesn’t always have symptoms. In many cases, a standard blood test or lipid profile test will reveal it. Generally, dyslipidemia symptoms are not noticeable, as it often has no symptoms.
Some of the signs of dyslipidemia include:
As dyslipidemia is symptomless, the complications due to it, such as peripheral artery disease and coronary artery disease, show symptoms.
Dyslipidemia causes : Dyslipidemia is a condition that is not only caused by a single factor but also influenced by a number of lifestyle and genetic factors. The main reasons for dyslipidemia include the following:
Are you overweight and suspected of having cholesterol abnormalities?
There is no rule that says everyone might get complications from dyslipidemia. However, there are some possible complications from dyslipidemia in some patients. If left untreated, such as
Dyslipidemia diagnosis : Dyslipidemia is diagnosed through laboratory testing, physical examinations, and clinical evaluations. Doctors interpret test findings based on age- and gender-specific reference ranges to confirm the diagnosis and determine the specific type of dyslipidemia.:
Dyslipidemia treatment : The main treatment goal for dyslipidemia is to reduce the elevated lipid levels to normal levels and minimize the risk of further complications. Treatment for dyslipidemia includes lifestyle modifications and medication therapy.
Lifestyle modifications
Dyslipidemia medications : There are some classes of medications specifically used to treat dyslipidemia, such as:
Dyslipidemia vs hyperlipidemia
High blood cholesterol is referred to as hyperlipidemia. On the other hand, dyslipidemia indicates an abnormal level or imbalance between good to bad cholesterol which isn’t above the normal limits. If you have either hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia, your risk of cardiovascular disease could increase.
About Author –
Dr. Hari Kishan Boorugu, Consultant Physician & Diabetologist, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad
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