Yashoda Hospitals > Diagnostics > CBC Hemogram Test

What is the CBC Test / Hemogram Test?

The CBC test, also known as the Complete Blood Count or Complete Blood Picture test, is a common blood test that analyses overall health and helps detect various conditions such as infections, anemia, and leukemia.

The CBC test includes the following measurements:

  • White blood cells: These are cells that fight infections.
  • Red blood cells: Responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood.
  • Hemoglobin: The protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells.
  • Hematocrit: The proportion of red blood cells to the plasma in your blood.
  • Platelets: Essential for blood clotting.

Abnormal values in these measurements may indicate underlying medical conditions, which may require further testing.

What is CBC / Hemogram Test used for?

The CBC test is commonly included in yearly physical checkups and is used to track the effects of prescribed medications. It serves various purposes, such as 

  • checking for blood abnormalities that indicate underlying diseases
  • examining overall health
  • monitoring blood disorders

Healthcare providers may order this test for a complete examination of a patient’s blood health.

Understanding the CBC / Hemogram Test Results

The CBC test measures various blood components, and the normal ranges of the CBC / Hemogram Test are as follows:

  • Red Blood Cells (RBC): 4.5 to 5.5 million cells/mcL for male, and 4.0 to 5.0 million cells/mcL for female.
  • Hemoglobin (Hb): 13.5 to 17.5 g/dL for male, and 12.0 to 15.5 g/dL for female.
  • Hematocrit: 38.8% to 50% for male, and 34.9% to 44.5% for female.
  • White Blood Cells (WBC): 4,500 to 11,000 cells/mcL for adults
  • Platelets: 150,000 to 450,000 cells/mcL for adults

Abnormalities in these values could indicate the following conditions:

  • Low red blood cells, hematocrit, or hemoglobin: Iron deficiency, anemia, or heart disease.
  • Low white blood cell count: Autoimmune disorders, cancer, bone marrow disorders, or viral infections.
  • High white blood cell count: Infection, inflammation, stress, or leukemia.
  • Low platelet count: Bleeding disorders, bone marrow problems, or certain medications.
  • High platelet count: Infections, inflammation, or certain bone marrow disorders.

It is crucial to consult a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation and proper interpretation of your test results.

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    Frequently Asked Questions

    The CBC test is done to measure blood health and diagnose medical conditions. It is recommended when symptoms like blood pressure issues, inflammation, fever, bleeding, weakness, or joint pain arise. By analyzing blood components, it identifies infections, medical conditions, reactions to medications, or rules out other diseases, making it a crucial diagnostic tool.

    A small blood sample will be taken from a vein in your arm during the test. This is done by a healthcare professional using a small needle. When the needle is inserted into your arm, the blood is collected into a test tube. You may feel a slight sting at the site, but this goes away within five minutes.

    The hemogram test, also known as HMF, is a type of test that measures complete blood count (CBC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The test measures the body's overall health and helps to detect a wide range of illnesses, such as leukaemia, infections, and anaemia.

    Hemogram and CBC test is used to measure a variety of blood disorders, among other conditions. However, a key difference between the two tests is that the hemogram test includes complete blood count tests (CBC) and ESR. A CBC test, on the other hand, does not include erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).

    The CBC test diagnoses various conditions, including anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, vitamin deficiencies, and chemotherapy side effects. It helps in detecting cancers like lymphoma and leukemia, and infections with abnormal white blood cell counts. It also helps diagnose sickle cell anemia, agranulocytosis, and thalassemia. Consult a healthcare expert for an appropriate interpretation and diagnosis.

    You do not need to take any special steps to prepare for the test. Your health care provider may give you some instructions if other blood tests are also ordered. For example, they may tell you to fast (not drink or eat) for several hours before the test.

    The CBC test does not detect HIV infection directly However, certain changes in the CBC results might indicate a potential HIV infection. These changes include a decrease in the number of CD4+ T cells, a kind of white blood cell targeted by the virus, as well as changes in other blood cell counts. A confirmed HIV diagnosis requires specific tests that detect HIV antibodies or viral genetic material.

    The CBC test during pregnancy holds significant importance as it helps monitor the health of both the mother and the developing baby. The test measures various blood components, including red and white blood cells and platelets, providing valuable information about anemia, infections, and potential complications. Regular CBC testing helps healthcare providers in ensuring a healthy pregnancy and timely intervention if any issues arise.

    The CBC blood test itself cannot directly detect cancer. However, it provides valuable information about other blood components, such as red and white blood cells and platelets, which may indicate certain abnormalities that could be associated with cancer. Additional tests and screenings are required for cancer recognition, and it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and diagnosis.

    The CBC test does not require fasting and can be performed on an empty stomach. It is a simple blood test that measures various components of the blood, including red and white blood cells and platelets, providing valuable information about a person's health and detecting various conditions. No special preparation is needed before taking the test.